Which of the following can hinder effective communication in a helping relationship?

Being judgmental and critical can significantly hinder effective communication in a helping relationship because it creates an environment of defensiveness and apprehension. When individuals feel judged or criticized, they are less likely to open up, share their thoughts and feelings, or engage in meaningful dialogue. This type of communication fosters fear and anxiety rather than trust and openness, which are essential components of a supportive helping relationship.

In contrast, building trust and rapport, practicing active listening, and encouraging dialogue all contribute positively to effective communication. These practices create a safe space for individuals to express themselves without fear of rejection or criticism, allowing for a more productive and supportive interaction. Thus, being judgmental and critical detracts from the essential goals of helping relationships, making it clear why this option is correct.